Dialysis Machine Basics: What You Need to Know

A dialysis machine is a medical device used to remove waste products, excess fluid, and toxins from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function properly. It mimics key roles of the renal system, primarily filtration and fluid regulation.

Basic Components:
Blood Pump – Circulates blood from the patient to the dialyzer and back.

Dialyzer (Artificial Kidney) – Filters waste and excess substances using a semipermeable membrane.

Dialysate Delivery System – Supplies a special solution to absorb unwanted materials from the blood.

Heparin Pump – Prevents blood clotting during the process.

Monitors – Track blood pressure, blood flow rate, and conductivity.

Operating Principles:
Diffusion: Solutes move from high to low concentration across a membrane.

Ultrafiltration: Pressure removes excess fluid from the blood.

Osmosis: Helps balance electrolytes and fluid.

Dialysis machines are used in hospitals, clinics, and increasingly in home-care setups for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.