The Biological Principles Behind Dialysis Machines

A dialysis machine functions as an external artificial kidney, supporting patients with kidney failure. The biological concept centers around replicating renal filtration, using scientific principles drawn from cellular transport, diffusion, and osmoregulation.

Biological Mechanisms:
Selective Permeability: The dialyzer contains a semipermeable membrane, imitating the nephron’s glomerular barrier.

Diffusion Gradient: Toxins such as urea and creatinine move from blood (high concentration) to dialysate (low concentration).

Ultrafiltration: Water moves across the membrane under pressure, removing excess fluid.

Electrolyte Balance: The dialysate is composed to match blood plasma’s ideal ionic concentration (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻), restoring homeostasis.

Role in Human Biology:
Compensates for nephron loss

Supports acid-base regulation

Helps manage blood pressure indirectly through fluid removal